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Midfoot Fracture: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

A midfoot fracture is a common injury that can occur due to various reasons, including chronic overuse or acute high-energy trauma. The navicular bone, located in the midfoot region, is particularly prone to fractures, which can be classified into different types based on their severity and extent.

Causes of Midfoot Fractures

Midfoot fractures can occur as a result of two main mechanisms: chronic overuse injuries or acute high-energy trauma. Stress fractures, often seen in athletes and construction workers, are caused by repetitive stress and strain on the navicular bone. High-energy trauma, such as a fall from a height or a car accident, can also lead to midfoot fractures.

Symptoms of Midfoot Fractures

Patients with midfoot fractures may experience symptoms such as pain, swelling, or hematoma directly over the affected area. In some cases, patients may present with vague pain and swelling over the midfoot region, which worsens with exercise.

Types of Midfoot Fractures

Midfoot fractures can be classified into three types based on their severity and extent:

* Type I: The fracture line is in the coronal plane, and there is no angulation of the forefoot.

* Type II: The fracture line is dorsal-lateral to plantar-medial, and the forefoot is medially displaced.

* Type III: There is a comminuted fracture in the sagittal plane, and the forefoot is displaced laterally.

Assessment and Diagnosis

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Diagnosis of midfoot fractures typically involves imaging tests such as plain radiographs, CT scans, or MRI. Plain radiographs are the best initial test for suspected navicular fractures. CT scans are more sensitive for identifying navicular fractures, while MRI can provide valuable information on the extent of the fracture line and the degree of comminution.

Treatment Options

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Treatment options for midfoot fractures depend on their severity and extent. Most undisplaced fractures can be managed conservatively in a cast, with non-weight bearing recommended. Non-operative management may also involve physical therapy to promote healing and strength gain.

In some cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the fracture and restore ankle function. The Sangeorzan classification is used to assess the severity of isolated navicular fractures and determine management.

Midfoot fractures are common injuries that can occur due to various reasons. Understanding their causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for proper diagnosis and management. With prompt and appropriate treatment, most midfoot fractures can be successfully managed and healed, allowing patients to return to their normal activities with minimal discomfort or disability.

$midfoot fracture$